=================== 块设备管理 =================== 和块设备有关的都记录在这里 : >>> whatis losetup dd (1) - convert and copy a file losetup (8) - set up and control loop devices mkisofs - create an iso9660 filesystem cfdisk (8) - Curses/slang based disk partition table manipulator >>> whatis df blkid cfdisk fdisk du df (1) - report file system disk space usage blkid (8) - locate/print block device attributes cfdisk (8) - display or manipulate disk partition table fdisk (8) - manipulate disk partition table du (1) - estimate file space usage >>> apropos label dosfslabel (8) - set or get MS-DOS filesystem label e2label (8) - Change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem findfs (8) - find a filesystem by label or UUID mlabel (1) - make an MSDOS volume label ntfslabel (8) - display/change the label on an ntfs file system swaplabel (8) - print or change the label or UUID of a swap area >>> apropos mkfs mkfs (8) - build a Linux filesystem mkfs.bfs (8) - make an SCO bfs filesystem mkfs.ext2 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem mkfs.ext3 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem mkfs.ext4 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem mkfs.ext4dev (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem mkfs.minix (8) - make a Minix filesystem mkfs.msdos (8) - create an MS-DOS file system under Linux mkfs.ntfs (8) - create an NTFS file system mkfs.vfat (8) - create an MS-DOS file system under Linux 备份一个liveusb =================== 备份U盘文件，备份U盘MBr >>> tar cvjf liveusb_ext4.tar.bz /media/PENDRIVE >>> sudo dd if=/dev/sdb of=liveusb.mbr bs=512 count=1 磁盘分区 ================== >>> cfdisk /dev/sda 启用swap分区 =================== >>> swapon /dev/sda9 file 判断文件类型 ================== >>> file cursor/ cursor/: directory >>> file fedora.iso fedora.iso: # ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data 'Fedora-16-i686-Live-Desktop.iso ' (bootable) >>> file /media/mylivecd/SOURCES.img /media/mylivecd/SOURCES.img: Squashfs filesystem, little endian, version 4.0, 421922764 bytes, 273 inodes, blocksize: 131072 bytes, created: Thu Mar 25 04:02:55 2010 mkisofs 制作ISO ================ 把test目录转换成 test.iso >>> mkisofs -o test2.iso test/ mount 挂载设备 ==================== 加载文件系统(块设备) * /etc/fstab 自动挂载配置文件 * /etc/mtab 加载设备的记录 -a 加载/etc/fstab -L 加载指定标签的文件系统 -o 选项 rw ro remount -t 指定文件系统类型 iso9660 ntfs auto -v 详细信息 >>> sudo mount -v -t vfat -o ro /dev/sda1 /media/xp /dev/sda1 on /media/xp type vfat (ro) >>> sudo mount -L OS_XP /media/xp >>> sudo mount LABEL=OS_XP -o iocharset=utf8 /media/xp 设置标签 ========================== 文件系统设置标签 如: dosfslabel ntfslabel e2label >>> sudo dosfslabel /dev/sda1 OS_XP >>> sudo dosfslabel /dev/sda1 OS_XP losetup ============ 设置loop设备 , **把文件虚拟成块设备** 查看 >>> losetup /dev/loop0 建立 >>> losetup /dev/loop0 ~/diskfile 卸载 >>> losetup -d /dev/loop0 df =========== 文件系统使用情况 >>> df 文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/sda6 19465224 6035152 12453536 33% / udev 505448 12 505436 1% /dev tmpfs 205084 804 204280 1% /run none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none 512700 160 512540 1% /run/shm /dev/sda7 52825064 42313336 7865304 85% /home /dev/sda5 51199120 47634576 3564544 94% /media/sda5 /dev/sda1 30709264 16087984 14621280 53% /media/xp >>> df -hT 文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/sda6 ext4 19G 5.8G 12G 33% / udev devtmpfs 494M 12K 494M 1% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 201M 804K 200M 1% /run none tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none tmpfs 501M 160K 501M 1% /run/shm /dev/sda7 ext4 51G 41G 7.6G 85% /home /dev/sda5 fuseblk 49G 46G 3.4G 94% /media/sda5 /dev/sda1 vfat 30G 16G 14G 53% /media/xp 连同虚拟文件系统一起显示 >>> df -a 文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/sda8 9733688 5742652 3502796 63% / proc 0 0 0 - /proc sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys none 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/fuse/connections none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/debug none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/security udev 505460 8 505452 1% /dev devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts tmpfs 205084 832 204252 1% /run none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none 512700 280 512420 1% /run/shm /dev/sda6 52825064 44168836 6009804 89% /home /dev/sda5 51199120 10681240 40517880 21% /media/sda5 binfmt_misc 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc gvfs-fuse-daemon 0 0 0 - /home/matt/.gvfs /dev/sdb1 3811020 1912 3809108 1% /media/6859-59EB fdisk ================ 操作磁盘分区表，一般就简单使用。 >>> sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xbf5fbf5f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 61448624 30724281 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda2 61448686 312580095 125565705 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 61448688 163846934 51199123+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 163848192 202909695 19530752 83 Linux /dev/sda7 202911744 308768767 52928512 83 Linux /dev/sda8 308770816 312580095 1904640 82 Linux swap / Solaris blkid ============= 块设备属性 >>> sudo blkid /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: UUID="B07D-272A" TYPE="vfat" LABEL="OS_XP" >>> sudo blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="B07D-272A" TYPE="vfat" LABEL="OS_XP" /dev/sda5: LABEL="backup" UUID="7C30CF4030CEFFDE" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda6: UUID="8f2c7343-f892-488e-a4e3-1bf00a20449b" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda7: UUID="3bbeddd8-a55b-4204-b11f-1e96ca765fb8" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda8: UUID="a4aa011d-9980-41b0-af6d-82483c9d2c91" TYPE="swap"