========================= 堆砌archlinux (一) ========================= 堆砌原理和工具 ================= 原理 ---------- 堆砌的原理就是没什么原理，把二进制包和配置文件复制来复制去就好了。 通过两个脚本计算依赖并复制文件到 **新系统** 。在这个过程中，还会额外生成三个文件. * dependlist 相关软件包的列表 * decfile 相关软件包的简单描述 * etclist 各个软件包相关的配置文件 | 上述的文件可以帮组我了解 * 系统主要的软件包 * 相关的配置文件 | 最后，引导这个新系统，验证下。 工具 ---------- .. code-block:: bash #!/bin/bash cachedir=/tmp/customlinux cachelist="$cachedir/dependlist" desclist="$cachedir/descfile" mkdir -p $cachedir function countdepend(){ dependlist=`pactree -ul $1 | cut -d" " -f1` [ -a $cachelist ] || echo > $cachelist for item in $dependlist ; do grep -q -e "^$item$" "$cachelist" if [[ $? != 0 ]] ; then # 打印软件包名，记录到文件 echo $item | tee -a $cachelist # 以两行的形式记录软件包的名字和描述，记录到文件里 pacman -Qi $item | grep Desc | sed -e "s/\(Description\s*\):\(.*\)/$item\n\t\2/" >> $desclist fi done } for pkg in $@ ; do countdepend $pkg done .. code-block:: bash targetdir=/media/customlinux cachedir=/tmp/customlinux cachelist="$cachedir/dependlist" desclist="$cachedir/descfile" cachelist="$cachedir"/dependlist installedlist="$cachedir"/installedlist etclist="$cachedir"/etclist mkdir -p $cachedir function cpkg(){ grep -q -e "$1$" $installedlist [ $? == 0 ] && return for f in `pacman -Ql $1 | cut -d" " -f2 `; do [ -d $f ] && mkdir -p "$targetdir"$f || cp -v $f "$targetdir"$f # 记录软件相关的配置文件 [ ${f:1:3} == "etc" ] && echo "$1 --- $f" >> $etclist done echo $1 >> $installedlist } for pkg in \`cat $cachelist\` ; do cpkg $pkg done 引导和修改系统 ----------------- 堆砌了系统，那能够用了么？不行， 还需要有东西引导它。 最简单方法：直接用当前系统的grub检查下新系统就行了。 原理就是它去各个挂载点找/boot目录,看见内核和内存盘就视为一个系统，然后据此生成新的grub.cfg 有了系统，有了引导，还需要修改必要的配置文件，比如fstab、passwd、shells、rc.conf什么的 >>> /boot/grub grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg 堆砌过程 ============== 目标 ------ 我的目标是一个能够运行w3m的archlinux，今后可以直接移动到liveusb当急救系统用。 过程 ------- 挂一个无用的分区，作为新系统的根目录 >>> mkdir /media/customlinux >>> mount /dev/sda10 /media/customlinux 计算w3m依赖 >>> countdependence.sh w3m w3m openssl perl gdbm glibc linux-api-headers tzdata bash readline ncurses db gcc-libs coreutils pam cracklib zlib libtirpc libgssglue pambase acl attr gmp libcap gc 计算init程序sysvinit的依赖 >>> countdependence.sh sysvinit sysvinit util-linux gawk >>> countdependence.sh initscripts initscripts systemd-tools glib2 pcre libffi libsystemd xz kmod hwids kbd iproute2 findutils 计算ip配置工具的依赖 >>> countdependence.sh iputils iputils sysfsutils >>> countdependence.sh dhcpcd dhcpcd 计算linux内核的依赖 >>> countdependence.sh linux linux linux-firmware mkinitcpio mkinitcpio-busybox libarchive bzip2 expat grep filesystem iana-etc file gzip 根据依赖复制文件 >>> cpkg.sh 复制内核和内存盘 >>> cp /boot/vmlinuz-linux boot >>> cp /boot/initramfs-linux.img boot 配置 ------- archlinux下面的lib其实已经空掉了，为了兼容，需要软链到usr/lib >>> cd /media/customlinux >>> rmdir lib >>> ln -s usr/lib lib chroot到这个环境，看看有无问题 >>> env -i PATH=/bin:/usr/bin /usr/sbin/chroot /media/customlinux bash >>> exit 调整挂载点 >>> cd etc >>> vi fstab 当前系统默认的shell是zsh，新系统还原成bash >>> vi sheel >>> vi passwd 清空mtab，要不然会新系统会挂错分区 >>> vi mtab 去掉不必要daemon，保留network >>> vi rc.conf 重启 ------------ >>> /boot/grub grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg >>> reboot 结果文件 ================ 现在来看下 软件包描述 ------------ :: w3m Text-based Web browser, as well as pager openssl The Open Source toolkit for Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security perl A highly capable, feature-rich programming language gdbm GNU database library glibc GNU C Library linux-api-headers Kernel headers sanitized for use in userspace tzdata Sources for time zone and daylight saving time data bash The GNU Bourne Again shell readline GNU readline library ncurses System V Release 4.0 curses emulation library db The Berkeley DB embedded database system gcc-libs Runtime libraries shipped by GCC coreutils The basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities of the GNU operating system pam PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) library cracklib Password Checking Library zlib Compression library implementing the deflate compression method found in gzip and PKZIP libtirpc Transport Independent RPC library (SunRPC replacement) libgssglue Exports a gssapi interface which calls other random gssapi libraries pambase Base PAM configuration for services acl Access control list utilities, libraries and headers attr Extended attribute support library for ACL support gmp A free library for arbitrary precision arithmetic libcap POSIX 1003.1e capabilities gc A garbage collector for C and C++ linux The Linux Kernel and modules linux-firmware Firmware files for Linux kmod Linux kernel module handling mkinitcpio Modular initramfs image creation utility gawk GNU version of awk mkinitcpio-busybox base initramfs tools util-linux Miscellaneous system utilities for Linux libarchive library that can create and read several streaming archive formats bzip2 A high-quality data compression program xz Library and command line tools for XZ and LZMA compressed files expat An XML parser library findutils GNU utilities to locate files grep A string search utility pcre A library that implements Perl 5-style regular expressions filesystem Base filesystem iana-etc /etc/protocols and /etc/services provided by IANA file File type identification utility gzip GNU compression utility systemd-tools standalone tools from systemd glib2 Common C routines used by GTK+ and other libs libffi A portable, high level programming interface to various calling conventions libsystemd systemd client libraries hwids hardware identification databases kbd Keytable files and keyboard utilities iputils IP Configuration Utilities (and Ping) sysfsutils System Utilities Based on Sysfs sysvinit Linux System V Init initscripts System initialization/bootup scripts iproute2 IP Routing Utilities 软件包配置文件 --------------------- :: openssl --- /etc/ssl/misc/CA.pl openssl --- /etc/ssl/misc/CA.sh openssl --- /etc/ssl/misc/c_hash openssl --- /etc/ssl/misc/c_info openssl --- /etc/ssl/misc/c_issuer openssl --- /etc/ssl/misc/c_name openssl --- /etc/ssl/misc/tsget openssl --- /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf perl --- /etc/profile.d/perlbin.csh perl --- /etc/profile.d/perlbin.sh glibc --- /etc/gai.conf glibc --- /etc/locale.gen glibc --- /etc/nscd.conf glibc --- /etc/rc.d/nscd glibc --- /etc/rpc bash --- /etc/bash.bash_logout bash --- /etc/bash.bashrc bash --- /etc/skel/.bash_logout bash --- /etc/skel/.bash_profile bash --- /etc/skel/.bashrc readline --- /etc/inputrc coreutils --- /etc/pam.d/su pam --- /etc/default/passwd pam --- /etc/environment pam --- /etc/security/access.conf pam --- /etc/security/group.conf pam --- /etc/security/limits.conf pam --- /etc/security/namespace.conf pam --- /etc/security/namespace.init pam --- /etc/security/pam_env.conf pam --- /etc/security/time.conf libtirpc --- /etc/netconfig libgssglue --- /etc/gssapi_mech.conf pambase --- /etc/pam.d/other pambase --- /etc/pam.d/system-auth pambase --- /etc/pam.d/system-local-login pambase --- /etc/pam.d/system-login pambase --- /etc/pam.d/system-remote-login pambase --- /etc/pam.d/system-services linux --- /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset mkinitcpio --- /etc/mkinitcpio.conf mkinitcpio --- /etc/mkinitcpio.d/example.preset util-linux --- /etc/pam.d/chfn util-linux --- /etc/pam.d/chsh util-linux --- /etc/pam.d/login filesystem --- /etc/arch-release filesystem --- /etc/crypttab filesystem --- /etc/fstab filesystem --- /etc/group filesystem --- /etc/gshadow filesystem --- /etc/host.conf filesystem --- /etc/hosts filesystem --- /etc/issue filesystem --- /etc/ld.so.conf filesystem --- /etc/motd filesystem --- /etc/mtab filesystem --- /etc/nsswitch.conf filesystem --- /etc/os-release filesystem --- /etc/passwd filesystem --- /etc/profile filesystem --- /etc/resolv.conf filesystem --- /etc/securetty filesystem --- /etc/shadow filesystem --- /etc/shells iana-etc --- /etc/protocols iana-etc --- /etc/services systemd-tools --- /etc/udev/udev.conf glib2 --- /etc/profile.d/glib2.csh glib2 --- /etc/profile.d/glib2.sh iputils --- /etc/xinetd.d/tftp initscripts --- /etc/inittab initscripts --- /etc/logrotate.d/bootlog initscripts --- /etc/profile.d/locale.sh initscripts --- /etc/rc.conf initscripts --- /etc/rc.d/functions initscripts --- /etc/rc.d/hwclock initscripts --- /etc/rc.d/netfs initscripts --- /etc/rc.d/network initscripts --- /etc/rc.local initscripts --- /etc/rc.local.shutdown initscripts --- /etc/rc.multi initscripts --- /etc/rc.shutdown initscripts --- /etc/rc.single initscripts --- /etc/rc.sysinit iproute2 --- /etc/iproute2/ematch_map iproute2 --- /etc/iproute2/group iproute2 --- /etc/iproute2/rt_dsfield iproute2 --- /etc/iproute2/rt_protos iproute2 --- /etc/iproute2/rt_realms iproute2 --- /etc/iproute2/rt_scopes iproute2 --- /etc/iproute2/rt_tables 后续计划 ========== * linux瘦身 * 编译小号内核